1. The Sentence
A sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense. The words in a sentence are placed in proper order to make complete sense. It must begin with a capital letter. It must end with a full stop or a mark of exclamation or a question mark. A sentence must have verb. Subject and Predicate
Sentences are divided into two parts- Subject and predicate
Subject:- The first part names what the sentence is about is called the subject.
Predicate:- The second part says something about the subject is called the predicate.
In command sentences, like 'wash your hands', the subject is not stated. But it is understood. This sentence actually means- You wash your hands.
Parts of speech:- All words are divided into different kinds of classes. Each class has its own special use. They are called as the parts of speech. They are eight in number.
They are -
1. Nouns
2. Pronouns
3. Adjective
4. Verb
5. Adverb
6. Preposition
7. Conjunction
8. Interjection(not interjunction)- common mistake
2. Noun
A noun is the name of a person, place, animal or thing.
Look at these sentences, 1. Saroja has gone to the market.
2. Where is the cat?
3. There is a book on the table.
The underlined words in these sentences are nouns. Saroja is the name of a person. Market is the name of a place. Cat is the name of an animal. Book and table are names of things.
Note:- Nouns can also be defined as naming words.
Kinds of nouns
Proper noun:-
A proper noun is the special name of a particular person or place.
Read this sentence:- Ravini is a good girl.
In this sentence, I am talking about a particular person. Ravini is her own special name and is therefore it is called a Proper Noun. It always begins with a capital letter.
Common noun:-
It is the name given in common to every person or thing of the same class or kind.
Look at these words:- man, woman, girl, boy, country, town, horse, cow
They are all examples of common nouns.
Abstract noun:-
An abstract noun is the name of something that we can only think of.
Such as:- sweetness, pity, hope, childhood, misery, honesty, sleep
Collective noun:-
A collective noun is the name of a number of people or things considered as one.
Examples:- flock, crowd, team, army
The Verbs
A verb says what somebody or something does or what happens.It is a word which express an action ,event or state.The word verb comes from a Latin word, verbum.It is so called because it is the most important word in a sentence.You cannot make a sentence without a verb.A sentence may contain only one word ,but that word must be a verb.
Note that a verb is note always one word.It often consists of more than one word;as,
Sita is singing.
He was kicked by a horse .
She will come tomorrow.
The book has been found .
Kinds Of Verbs
Verbs are of two kinds-Transitive and intransitive.
A transitive verb is a verb that denotes an action which passes over from the doer or Subject to an object.
Look at these examples,
- The Chief Minister made
- Deepika ate
You should have noticed that the meaning is incomplete. So only if we add objects to transitve verbs, their meaning will be complete.
- The Chief Minister made an appeal.
- Deepika ate bananas.
- The Chief Minister made an appeal.
- Deepika ate bananas.
An intransitive verb is a verb that denotes an action which does not pass over to an object.
Look at these examples,
- The stars twinkled brightly.
- The child smiled.
Intransitive verbs are complete by themselves. They do not require an object to complete the sense.
Adjectives
Adjectives
